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Educational FYIs
These recent developments and case studies address any aspect of the law that touches on estate planning. They offer an interesting perspective and/or warning. The frequency of release varies from month to month and week to week. Our purpose for sharing these Educational FYI's to you is to further enlighten you on the many variables involved in the fine balancing act of proper estate planning.

Steffan & Associates, P.C. releases important estate planning and related articles on a regular basis. Please take a moment to register to receive full access to our Educational Alerts and FYIs.

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Article on Family Caregivers
The Sunday, September 9, 2007 issue of Parade magazine contains an article by Gail Sheehy on family caregiving. It will recount some of her own experiences as a spousal caregiver to her husband.

CMS Technical Director Opines That States May Impose Penalty on Community Spouse Post- Eligibility Transfers
Roy R. Trudel, a Technical Director at the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services ("CMS") recently opined that a state agency has the option of imposing a transfer penalty on an institutionalized spouse if the community spouse transfers protected resources after the institutionalized spouse's eligibility has been determined. Mr. Trudel's opinion, which is a reversal from statements made by previous CMS (HCFA) officials, came about as the result of an email exchange between elder law attorney Robert Mason of North Carolina and himself.

New Study Finds Changes Needed to U.S. Health System to Accommodate Needs of Boomers
The aging baby boom generation is likely to increase the nation's disabled population, and a study says the United States needs a better system to provide care for them. More than 40 million Americans currently have some sort of disability, the Institute of Medicine reported Tuesday.

Senate Resolution Freezes Estate Tax for Two Years
Senate Resolution 21, 110th Cong. 1st Session, passed the Senate by a vote of 91 - 1.

Estate Tax Repeal Vote Fail in Senate
Late Thursday, August 3, 2006, the Senate voted on an estate tax reform proposal that was came to close to full repeal and the republicans did not get the 60 votes they needed to pass it. The vote was 56-42!

Article on Boomer Inheritances
This USA article highlights how inheritances by boomers are not meeting earlier projections. The reason behind this is the increased life expectancies of seniors and the higher then projected costs for health care.

House Passes Bill to Raise Applicable Exclusion Amount to $5 Million
On Thursday, June 22, 2006, the House of Representatives passed legislation, by a vote of 269 to 156, that would raise the applicable exclusion amount to $5 million for an unmarried person and $10 million for couples. The marginal estate tax rate on estates up to $25 million would be set at the same tax rates that apply to capital gains -- now 15 percent but scheduled to rise to 20 percent in 2011. The marginal estate tax rate for estates worth more than $25 million would be twice the capital gains rate.

June 7520 Rate
The Section 7520 rate (used to calculate life and remainder interests) for June 2006 will be 6.0%. This is slightly higher than the May and April rates.

An Essay on Issues Involving the Older Driver
Eighty-six year-old George Weller's killing of 10 when he accelerated instead of braked at a Santa Monica, California market in July 2003 captured the public's attention dramatically. The Weller tragedy again reminded us that we face a growing problem: The aging process will in some way affect the driving habits and skills of most of our clients. Court intervention regarding older drivers is increasing in that probate judges address driving as fiduciary concerns for guardians and conservators. George Weller's court intervention came through the criminal bench as he was indicted on 10 counts of manslaughter in January 2004. Ideally, family members, health care providers, elder-law attorneys/estate planners and fiduciaries should assist aging loved ones/patients/clients in planning before driving skills decline and address what happens after the car is gone.

Article of Interest on Intestacy
You may be interested in reviewing the article on the laws of intestacy in the various states.

Photocopy of Will is Not "Duplicate Original"
After a decedent's death, his original 1987 will could not be located. However, a photocopy of that will was in his personal papers. There was no indication of any intent to revoke the will other than the fact that the original was missing.

Personal Representative's Attorney Fees Chargeable Against Estate
The personal representative, in an estate administration contest, filed a seventh accounting and a request that the estate be closed. Family members objected, accusing the personal representative of conflicts of interest and failure to advise the beneficiaries about actions proposed to be taken by the decedent's partner (who was also a client of the personal representative). The personal representative retained counsel and the parties participated in extensive litigation resulting in the trial court removing the personal representative, denying requests for surcharge against him, and denying his request for payment of $589,441.28 in attorney's fees and costs.

Constructive Trust Imposed on Proceeds of Property Sale Transferred to Joint Ownership
The agents under a durable power of attorney arranged for sale of real property (specifically devised in principal's will to her stepson) to agents' relatives for substantially less than the assessed value of the property. The proceeds were placed in bank accounts in joint names with agents. After the principal's death, the agents were appointed as personal representative of the principal's estate and stepson sued.

Exception to Privileged Communications for Will Drafter Does Not Apply Where No Will Prepared
A Testator consulted his long-time law firm about drafting a new will, but no new will was ever prepared. A few days later the Testator signed a new will prepared by another, unrelated law firm.

End-of-Life Care
Health Affairs Journal has published three articles about the Schiavo case and the costs of end-of-life care.

Will Effectively Exercised Power of Appointment Even Though Not Admitted to Probate
Father (who died in 1981) established a living trust that divided into survivor's and family shares, with the former giving his surviving wife a general testamentary power of appointment and the latter giving her a power of appointment exercisable by will, deed, conveyance, bill of sale, gift or any other written instrument.  If Mother did not exercise the powers of appointment, the survivor's trust would pour into the family trust, which would in turn be distributed unequally among daughter, granddaughter and grandson.  Mother executed a will in 1985 purporting to appoint the entire trust corpus of both trusts; the survivor's trust was appointed outright to daughter and the family trust in equal shares among daughter, granddaughter and grandson; Mother died in 1997.  Relying on advice of counsel, the trustee and family members decided not to seek probate of Mother's will. 

Order Directing Payment to Wife for Benefit of Husband Created Trust Relationship - In re Hogan Trust v. Hogan
After their father became incapacitated, his children from a prior marriage filed an action to prevent his wife from taking charge of or dissipating his assets, which were largely held in a self-settled trust naming some of the children as successor trustees.  As settlement of that matter, the parties agreed that the children would take over as trustees, that the wife would continue to make care decisions for the husband, and that the husband's trust would pay $25,000 per month to the wife for his care -- and specifically directing that the wife would not be a trustee.  Some time later the children became concerned that the money was not in fact being used for their father's care, and sought an accounting from his wife.  She successfully objected, arguing that the settlement agreement specifically precluded a finding of a trust relationship, and that they could have (but did not) required an accounting as part of the settlement.








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